REPCO

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    key:"title": {
        key:"en": {
            key:"value": string:"Auschwitz-Birkenau. Death at a wave of a finger"
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            key:"value": string:"<I>As the years pass, the last witnesses to the nightmare of Auschwitz-Birkenau, the death factory where more than a million Jews from all over Europe were exterminated, are passing away. What remains is the camp itself, and the objects within it that allow historians and conservationists to learn the stories of individuals. Their stories not only help to understand the tragedy of the victims who were exterminated here, but add a human, personal dimension to these memories.</I>"
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    key:"content": {
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            key:"value": string:"<p>A boy in a navy uniform holds the hand of an elegant man in a tie, with a buttonhole and wearing a hat. Next to him walks an older, moustachioed man in a bow tie. Everything could be regarded as normal, if it weren’t for the Stars of David sewn onto their clothes, the freight wagons they’ve just disembarked on the railway ramp and the armed German soldiers. Agnieszka Sieradzka, art historian and curator of the art collection at the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum posits that this scene most likely happened, and was immortalised in what she calls the most valuable extant piece of camp art: the <em>Sketchbook from Auschwitz</em>, drawn by an unknown artist. The sketchbook is extremely accurate, so much so that the SS truck registration numbers marked on the drawings match the documentation preserved in the camp.</p>\n<p><strong>Judenrampe</strong></p>\n<p><strong> <iframe src=\"https://player.simplecast.com/94e3fa05-bd44-4ea5-be16-0b77b1b1c4e3?dark=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"200px\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" seamless=\"\"></iframe></strong></p>\n<p>We are on the site of the so-called old Jewish ramp, or <em>Judenrampe</em>, at the place where the boy in the navy uniform got off the train. The artist who drew this scene probably understood the importance of a document created at the risk of his life, so he therefore hid it in a bottle in the foundation of one of the barracks. Two old freight wagons stand on the restored tracks between the grounds of the Auschwitz railway station and the contemporary houses of the village of Brzezinka, whose residents were displaced in 1941, and whose demolished houses provided the materials used to build the Birkenau camp.</p>\n<p>“This place certainly looks a bit different now, if only because it has undergone some restoration work,” says Piotr Setkiewicz, head of the Research Centre at the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum. “The wagons that are on the tracks today are also inauthentic in the sense that it is not at all certain that they would have been used to transport deportees to Auschwitz. On the other hand, these are wagons from the era,” he adds.</p>\n<p>The old Jewish ramp is located about halfway between the Auschwitz and Birkenau camps. It was here that from 1942 the Germans began to bring in large transports of Jews condemned to extermination. It was also here that selections took place, during which a nod of the SS doctor meant life or death. According to surviving documents, 75-80 per cent of the Jews deported here from all over Europe were loaded onto trucks and taken straight to the gas chambers, where they were murdered.</p>\n<p>“During selection, SS doctors were guided primarily by suitability for work in the camp,” underlines Jacek Lachendro, a historian from the Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum, stressing the dual function of the death camp and the labour camp. “In the first instance, people who looked young or were fit for work had a chance of survival and were sent to the camp. Children, women with small children and the elderly were automatically sent to death. At the same time, there were periods during the operation of the camp when there was less need for manpower and therefore those who were potentially fit for work were also sent to the gas chambers.”</p>\n<p>The first makeshift gas chambers were called red and white houses after the colour of the walls of the buildings from which the Germans had evicted the inhabitants and which they had adapted for their killing machine. Today, these buildings no longer exist; simple, multilingual plaques remind us of the places of execution. In total, around 1.1 million Jews were deported to Auschwitz, of whom barely 200,000 were deemed fit for work and registered in the camp. The remainder were murdered in the gas chambers.</p>\n<p><strong>Birkenau</strong></p>\n<p><strong> <iframe src=\"https://player.simplecast.com/bcc9e87b-dff0-493e-a019-f2f8f87eb490?dark=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"200px\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" seamless=\"\"></iframe></strong></p>\n<p>“Birkenau was a huge camp, and in fact from the very beginning of its planning there was an intention to build a separate railway siding here, which was to direct wagons from the old Jewish ramp directly into the camp,” says Piotr Setkiewicz. “However, no such work was undertaken until the autumn of 1943 due to material difficulties. The ramp was finally completed in May 1944,” he adds, pointing out that the rails used to lay the tracks connecting the two ramps were imported from the Soviet Union by a German company which used slave labour.</p>\n<p>The completion of the new ramp coincided with the so-called Hungarian Action, the deportation of more than 400,000 Jews from Hungary to Auschwitz. According to the historian, this streamlined the process of both selection and directing those selected to the gas chambers, which were much closer. From the ramp, it was also possible to go directly to the housing barracks, whether in the women’s camp or the men’s camp, located 100-200 metres away.</p>\n<p>“Various publications say that the Birkenau camp was an extermination camp, while Auschwitz was only a labour camp,” points out Piotr Setkiewicz. “This is not true, because the fate of the prisoners was the same. If there was a need, prisoners were transferred from Birkenau to Auschwitz and vice versa. Prisoners in both camps received the same striped uniforms, numbers from the same series, tattooed on their forearms, and so on. The density of prisoners in the various rooms at Auschwitz and Birkenau was also similar. While a single barrack in the Auschwitz Main Camp housed about 500-600 prisoners, in Birkenau there were about 400 in a similar space. The main difference was that the crematorium and gas chambers in Auschwitz ceased operating at the turn of 1942 and 1943, while in Birkenau they remained open practically until the end of the camp’s operation,” he adds.</p>\n<p>Jacek Lachendro stresses that the camp complex was much larger than Auschwitz-Birkenau itself, and throughout the period of the camp’s operation there were nearly 50 sub-camps set up in various locations. Some were in the immediate vicinity of the main camp, while others were near factories, mines, and steelworks in western Lesser Poland and Upper Silesia. Most of the prisoners in these sub-camps in 1943 and 1944 were Jews sent to do heavy work, although there were exceptional places, such as the Bobrek sub-camp, where all sorts of small components were made for the Siemens company and for this reason precision mechanics, turners and millers were employed there. The working conditions there were exceptionally good. In the mines, on the other hand, they were nightmarish and many of the Jewish prisoners sent there, who were not accustomed to hard physical work in such harsh conditions underground, lost their lives, including suicide.”</p>\n<p><strong>Perpetrators</strong></p>\n<p><iframe src=\"https://player.simplecast.com/be5d53c6-8deb-4bb7-a95f-7d5d89624bed?dark=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"200px\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" seamless=\"\"></iframe></p>\n<p>Through the large windows in the tower above the entrance gate you can see almost the entire Birkenau camp. Today it is rows of barracks and brick chimneys left over from the wooden structures that were already dismantled after the war. Both from here and from the lower towers, the SS guards could see everything that happened on the ramp with an unhindered view. In turn, the towers near the crematoria gave a good view of the prisoners sent to their deaths in the gas chambers as they descended the stairs to their place of execution. Piotr Setkiewicz stresses that the SS men at Birkenau must have known what kind of place they were serving in.</p>\n<p>In January 1945, the camp’s staff numbered more than 4,000, and during the entire period of the camp’s operation around 8,000 guards passed through the place, of whom about 7,000 survived the war. Only a few died while at the camp or of disease. More lost their lives after being transferred to the Eastern Front. All the guards were Germans or Volksdeutsche. The only exception was a company of Ukrainians brought here in 1943, however, these quickly rebelled and were expelled from the camp after three months.</p>\n<p>The SS men posted to Auschwitz could consider themselves lucky to be on quiet, safe duty. Relatively few, perhaps 300 or 400 of them, directly killed prisoners. The team of “disinfectors” trained in the use of the poisonous Zyklon B gas, released from pellets poured from cans through holes in the roof of the gas chambers, numbered a few dozen at most.</p>\n<p>“Those SS men who were on duty in the guard battalion, that is, more or less 80 per cent of the entire Auschwitz staff, even if they did not shoot anyone, by the fact that they did not allow escapes, also ultimately contributed to the mass deaths of prisoners,” Piotr Setkiewicz points out.</p>\n<p>Documents and correspondence show that there was a plague of drunkenness among the SS, which the commanders tried to combat by managing the soldiers’ free time. Sports and cultural events were organised in the camp. The crew even had their own resort. Conditions were very good and, in the case of the lower-ranking SS men, resembled life in barracks in peacetime. Officers, on the other hand, could count on comfortable accommodation, sometimes entire villas with a garden and servants. Some also tried to enrich themselves illegally by stealing money and valuables taken from prisoners that formally belonged to the Reich. There were investigations into this and even some sentences were handed down.</p>\n<p>After the war, some members of the Auschwitz-Birkenau staff answered for their crimes. Until the end of the 1940s, the Allies had no problems in issuing and executing death sentences on these people. Some 700 of them were extradited to Poland, where most stood trial in group trials. Due to limited contact between guards and prisoners, it was difficult for witnesses to identify them. Hence, they were sentenced to one to two years in prison “for belonging to a criminal organisation, the concentration camp crew”. Most left for the Federal Republic of Germany after serving their sentences.</p>\n<p><strong>Poles in the camp</strong></p>\n<p><iframe src=\"https://player.simplecast.com/ee2ba5aa-9f09-45a8-b21c-2badbbc4768a?dark=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"200px\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" seamless=\"\"></iframe></p>\n<p>A small booklet with the dedication ‘Son, remember that courage is the most important thing in life’, kept at the Museum, helps to tell the story of Bernard Świerczyna, a Polish Auschwitz prisoner and member of the camp resistance movement. Prisoners employed in the offices found books of fairy tales that most likely belonged to murdered Jewish children. Illustrations and texts were copied and illegally sent home to maintain relationships with relatives or to leave behind mementos. One such booklet, telling the story of a hare whose home was taken away by a wolf but rescued thanks to the help of other animals, was made by Bernard Świerczyna for his son Felicjan.</p>\n<p>Hidden in a German dictionary, the booklet was handed to the boy’s mother without a word by an anonymous SS man after Świerczyna had already been hanged in the last execution carried out at the camp on 30 December 1944. After an unsuccessful escape from Auschwitz, he and several other prisoners were caught and, after an investigation, executed.</p>\n<p>More than 140,000 Poles were registered at Auschwitz, half of whom died here. Setkiewicz points out that this was a significantly higher mortality rate than among prisoners in other German concentration camps, which was probably already due to the way Auschwitz was designed, where a stationary crematorium was first put into operation. It should be noted, however, that in 1943 the conditions of Aryan prisoners, including Poles, improved when, worried about manpower, the Germans allowed food parcels to be sent to the camp. Jews were not allowed to take advantage of this privilege.</p>\n<p>“We also know from prisoners’ accounts that there were many more motives, reasons or ways in which one could survive being a Pole in the camp,” says Piotr Setkiewicz. “For example, a strong psyche. It could also have been the help of colleagues or participation in the resistance movement. Nevertheless, survival in Auschwitz was most often decided by chance. Even a Polish prisoner in a good kommando could have contracted typhus at any time, which was a very common disease in the camp. Then he would either die or be murdered by the SS.”</p>\n<p>Despite the terror and terrible conditions at Auschwitz, there were also several resistance groups, although relatively few prisoners knew about it. They could only observe its effects, such as the disappearance of a particularly cruel kapo or the escape of fellow prisoners. The most important organisation of this kind was the military conspiracy centred around Rotmistrz Witold Pilecki, to which the imprisoned officers belonged. One should also remember the leftist underground, headed by Józef Cyrankiewicz, a well-known pre-war PPS activist. One of the most important achievements of the conspirators was the collection and transmission outside the camp of information and data on what was happening inside. Figures on incoming transports, registered or dying prisoners or production were smuggled outside the camp and, thanks to the conspirators’ networks and the work of couriers, reached the Polish government in London. These activities involved great risks, and discovered members of the underground were subjected to cruel investigations, torture and then murdered, as was the case with Bernard Świerczyna.</p>\n<p><strong>Women in the camp</strong></p>\n<p><iframe src=\"https://player.simplecast.com/f8a6e703-40ce-488d-b1a2-f375c929fee7?dark=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"200px\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" seamless=\"\"></iframe></p>\n<p>With the first transport of women to Auschwitz in March 1942, 999 German women prisoners from Ravensbrück were brought in to form a women’s camp. An identical number of young Jewish women from Slovakia arrived on the same day. Initially, the camp authorities did not seem to know what to do with such a large number of women. It was difficult to find suitable work for them all. It was not until the summer that most of the already 17,000 women prisoners were transferred to the so-called <em>Frauen-Lager</em> (German: women’s camp) in Birkenau, where they were employed in construction and agricultural work. Educated women, especially those with knowledge of foreign languages, were employed in the administration, and medical staff were sent to the camp hospitals.</p>\n<p>“The women who were incarcerated in the camp underwent physical changes very quickly,” says Teresa Wątor-Cichy of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum. “Already during registration at the camp, most had their heads shaved. They were losing something that is an element of beauty, of care, a recognition of being a woman. Female prisoners said that they stood in a group as colleagues who had known each other for many years and suddenly could not recognise each other. Working beyond their strength in the camp and the minimal amounts of food caused them to lose weight. The lack of sanitary facilities, and therefore the possibility to wash themselves, caused their skin to become grey and rough. Another element that was of great concern to the female prisoners were the changes related to physiology: the stoppage of menstruation, precisely because of the loss of weight, because of the fear, the traumatic experiences they went through and witnessed,” she adds.</p>\n<p>The Museum’s collection includes a dozen or so portraits of female prisoners drawn by Zofia Stępień-Bator. The women look beautiful, have long hair and are elegantly dressed. Agnieszka Sieradzka emphasises that in this way the humiliated, deprived of identity and ailing female prisoners regained not only their beauty, but also their dignity and humanity.</p>\n<p><strong>Minorities in the camp</strong></p>\n<p><iframe src=\"https://player.simplecast.com/ee542760-91d4-4491-ac73-8a681f1ff62f?dark=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"200px\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" seamless=\"\"></iframe></p>\n<p>Members of various ethnic, religious or sexual groups and minorities were victims of the racist policies of the Third Reich. In Birkenau, 21,000 members of the Roma and related Sinti communities were registered. Disease, starvation and later their planned extermination meant that only one in seven of them made it out alive after the camp’s liquidation.</p>\n<p>An unusually high mortality rate was also recorded among the approximately 15,000 Soviet prisoners of war brought to the camp. Some of them, in particular political officers, were not registered but were sent to their deaths straight away. Only a few of the 12,000 registered survived. The prisoners of war brought to Auschwitz after the German invasion of the USSR in 1941 were subjected to torture, assigned to the hardest labour and treated worse than other groups of prisoners, with the exception of the Jews. Their situation began to gradually improve from mid-1942, when the Germans needed more hands to work. Initially, registered Russian prisoners of war were given a number on scraps of cloth to sew onto their uniforms. However, it turned out that many were dying and the others were taking parts or whole garments together with the numbers from the dead, which caused confusion in the camp registers. Hence the idea of tattooing the numbers on the left side of the chest. Only later, from the spring of 1942, did the Germans start systematically tattooing numbers on the left forearm of all registered prisoners.</p>\n<p>Around 400 “Bible Students”, whom we would now call Jehovah’s Witnesses, were also deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. They ended up in the concentration camps because of their deep commitment to their beliefs. They refused not only military service, but even work in the armaments industry, which was punishable in the Third Reich. They had the possibility of regaining their freedom in exchange for a written renunciation of their religious principles. At Auschwitz-Birkenau, no one signed such a document.</p>\n<p>It is extremely difficult to ascertain exactly how many homosexuals were sent to the camp. According to Bogdan Piętka of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum, there may have been 77. Jacek Lachendro points out that German researcher Rainer Hoffschildt puts the number at over 130. The inaccuracies are due to the ambiguous marking of this category of prisoner. Some received pink triangles signifying imprisonment under the paragraph condemning homosexuals, but there were also those who might have received red triangles intended for political prisoners or green triangles signifying criminals. In contrast, historians’ research suggests that these people were among the most mistreated groups.</p>\n<p><strong>Death, or the slightest chance for survival… </strong></p>\n<p>Once again, the unknown author has drawn a boy in a navy uniform who is being forcibly dragged away from an elegant man in a hat by an SS man. The boy and the man helplessly extend their hands to each other. The child finds himself on the same side as an elderly, moustachioed Jew with a Star of David sewn on. Knowing the double role of Auschwitz-Birkenau, one can guess that the boy and the older man were facing immediate death. The elegant man, later stripped of his dignity, dressed in a striped suit, with a number instead of an identity, had a chance of being sent to the camp, which in itself did not yet mean survival.</p>\n<p><em>Republished on the 80th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz, January 27th, 2025.</em></p>\n<div><strong>Bartosz Panek</strong> is a radio feature documentary maker and reporter with over 20 years’ experience. Recipient of Polish and international awards, including the Prix Italia for best radio documentary. His work has been highlighted in competitions in Italy, France and Croatia. His first book – on the Polish Tatars – was published by Czarne in summer 2020.</div>\n<div> </div>\n<div>\n<div><strong>Jarosław Kociszewski</strong> is a broadcast and print journalist. Long-term Polish media corresponent in the Middle East and formerly of Polish Radio. He works with NGOs with a special focus on the Middle East and East Africa. Currently he is the editor of the <em><a href=\"http://www.new.org.pl/\">Nowa Europa Wschodnia </a></em>portal and an expert for Security and Development Foundation Stratpoints.</div>\n<div> </div>\n</div>\n<p><em>The article was produced as part of the Jan Nowak-Jeziorański Eastern Europe College project funded by the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Public task financed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland within the grant competition “Public Diplomacy 2022”. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of the official positions of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland.</em></p>\n<p><img class=\"size-full wp-image-32190 alignleft\" src=\"https://neweasterneurope.eu/new_site/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/msz.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"204\"></p>\n<p> </p>\n"
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            key:"value": string:"<i>As the years pass, the last witnesses to the nightmare of Auschwitz-Birkenau, the death factory where more than a million Jews from all over Europe were exterminated, are passing away. What remains is the camp itself, and the objects within it that allow historians and conservationists to learn the stories of individuals. Their stories not only help to understand the tragedy of the victims who were exterminated here, but add a human, personal dimension to these memories.</i>",
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            key:"value": string:"<p>A boy in a navy uniform holds the hand of an elegant man in a tie, with a buttonhole and wearing a hat. Next to him walks an older, moustachioed man in a bow tie. Everything could be regarded as normal, if it weren’t for the Stars of David sewn onto their clothes, the freight wagons they’ve just disembarked on the railway ramp and the armed German soldiers. Agnieszka Sieradzka, art historian and curator of the art collection at the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum posits that this scene most likely happened, and was immortalised in what she calls the most valuable extant piece of camp art: the <em>Sketchbook from Auschwitz</em>, drawn by an unknown artist. The sketchbook is extremely accurate, so much so that the SS truck registration numbers marked on the drawings match the documentation preserved in the camp.</p>\n<p><strong>Judenrampe</strong></p>\n<p><strong> </strong></p>\n<p>We are on the site of the so-called old Jewish ramp, or <em>Judenrampe</em>, at the place where the boy in the navy uniform got off the train. The artist who drew this scene probably understood the importance of a document created at the risk of his life, so he therefore hid it in a bottle in the foundation of one of the barracks. Two old freight wagons stand on the restored tracks between the grounds of the Auschwitz railway station and the contemporary houses of the village of Brzezinka, whose residents were displaced in 1941, and whose demolished houses provided the materials used to build the Birkenau camp.</p>\n<p>“This place certainly looks a bit different now, if only because it has undergone some restoration work,” says Piotr Setkiewicz, head of the Research Centre at the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum. “The wagons that are on the tracks today are also inauthentic in the sense that it is not at all certain that they would have been used to transport deportees to Auschwitz. On the other hand, these are wagons from the era,” he adds.</p>\n<p>The old Jewish ramp is located about halfway between the Auschwitz and Birkenau camps. It was here that from 1942 the Germans began to bring in large transports of Jews condemned to extermination. It was also here that selections took place, during which a nod of the SS doctor meant life or death. According to surviving documents, 75-80 per cent of the Jews deported here from all over Europe were loaded onto trucks and taken straight to the gas chambers, where they were murdered.</p>\n<p>“During selection, SS doctors were guided primarily by suitability for work in the camp,” underlines Jacek Lachendro, a historian from the Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum, stressing the dual function of the death camp and the labour camp. “In the first instance, people who looked young or were fit for work had a chance of survival and were sent to the camp. Children, women with small children and the elderly were automatically sent to death. At the same time, there were periods during the operation of the camp when there was less need for manpower and therefore those who were potentially fit for work were also sent to the gas chambers.”</p>\n<p>The first makeshift gas chambers were called red and white houses after the colour of the walls of the buildings from which the Germans had evicted the inhabitants and which they had adapted for their killing machine. Today, these buildings no longer exist; simple, multilingual plaques remind us of the places of execution. In total, around 1.1 million Jews were deported to Auschwitz, of whom barely 200,000 were deemed fit for work and registered in the camp. The remainder were murdered in the gas chambers.</p>\n<p><strong>Birkenau</strong></p>\n<p><strong> </strong></p>\n<p>“Birkenau was a huge camp, and in fact from the very beginning of its planning there was an intention to build a separate railway siding here, which was to direct wagons from the old Jewish ramp directly into the camp,” says Piotr Setkiewicz. “However, no such work was undertaken until the autumn of 1943 due to material difficulties. The ramp was finally completed in May 1944,” he adds, pointing out that the rails used to lay the tracks connecting the two ramps were imported from the Soviet Union by a German company which used slave labour.</p>\n<p>The completion of the new ramp coincided with the so-called Hungarian Action, the deportation of more than 400,000 Jews from Hungary to Auschwitz. According to the historian, this streamlined the process of both selection and directing those selected to the gas chambers, which were much closer. From the ramp, it was also possible to go directly to the housing barracks, whether in the women’s camp or the men’s camp, located 100-200 metres away.</p>\n<p>“Various publications say that the Birkenau camp was an extermination camp, while Auschwitz was only a labour camp,” points out Piotr Setkiewicz. “This is not true, because the fate of the prisoners was the same. If there was a need, prisoners were transferred from Birkenau to Auschwitz and vice versa. Prisoners in both camps received the same striped uniforms, numbers from the same series, tattooed on their forearms, and so on. The density of prisoners in the various rooms at Auschwitz and Birkenau was also similar. While a single barrack in the Auschwitz Main Camp housed about 500-600 prisoners, in Birkenau there were about 400 in a similar space. The main difference was that the crematorium and gas chambers in Auschwitz ceased operating at the turn of 1942 and 1943, while in Birkenau they remained open practically until the end of the camp’s operation,” he adds.</p>\n<p>Jacek Lachendro stresses that the camp complex was much larger than Auschwitz-Birkenau itself, and throughout the period of the camp’s operation there were nearly 50 sub-camps set up in various locations. Some were in the immediate vicinity of the main camp, while others were near factories, mines, and steelworks in western Lesser Poland and Upper Silesia. Most of the prisoners in these sub-camps in 1943 and 1944 were Jews sent to do heavy work, although there were exceptional places, such as the Bobrek sub-camp, where all sorts of small components were made for the Siemens company and for this reason precision mechanics, turners and millers were employed there. The working conditions there were exceptionally good. In the mines, on the other hand, they were nightmarish and many of the Jewish prisoners sent there, who were not accustomed to hard physical work in such harsh conditions underground, lost their lives, including suicide.”</p>\n<p><strong>Perpetrators</strong></p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Through the large windows in the tower above the entrance gate you can see almost the entire Birkenau camp. Today it is rows of barracks and brick chimneys left over from the wooden structures that were already dismantled after the war. Both from here and from the lower towers, the SS guards could see everything that happened on the ramp with an unhindered view. In turn, the towers near the crematoria gave a good view of the prisoners sent to their deaths in the gas chambers as they descended the stairs to their place of execution. Piotr Setkiewicz stresses that the SS men at Birkenau must have known what kind of place they were serving in.</p>\n<p>In January 1945, the camp’s staff numbered more than 4,000, and during the entire period of the camp’s operation around 8,000 guards passed through the place, of whom about 7,000 survived the war. Only a few died while at the camp or of disease. More lost their lives after being transferred to the Eastern Front. All the guards were Germans or Volksdeutsche. The only exception was a company of Ukrainians brought here in 1943, however, these quickly rebelled and were expelled from the camp after three months.</p>\n<p>The SS men posted to Auschwitz could consider themselves lucky to be on quiet, safe duty. Relatively few, perhaps 300 or 400 of them, directly killed prisoners. The team of “disinfectors” trained in the use of the poisonous Zyklon B gas, released from pellets poured from cans through holes in the roof of the gas chambers, numbered a few dozen at most.</p>\n<p>“Those SS men who were on duty in the guard battalion, that is, more or less 80 per cent of the entire Auschwitz staff, even if they did not shoot anyone, by the fact that they did not allow escapes, also ultimately contributed to the mass deaths of prisoners,” Piotr Setkiewicz points out.</p>\n<p>Documents and correspondence show that there was a plague of drunkenness among the SS, which the commanders tried to combat by managing the soldiers’ free time. Sports and cultural events were organised in the camp. The crew even had their own resort. Conditions were very good and, in the case of the lower-ranking SS men, resembled life in barracks in peacetime. Officers, on the other hand, could count on comfortable accommodation, sometimes entire villas with a garden and servants. Some also tried to enrich themselves illegally by stealing money and valuables taken from prisoners that formally belonged to the Reich. There were investigations into this and even some sentences were handed down.</p>\n<p>After the war, some members of the Auschwitz-Birkenau staff answered for their crimes. Until the end of the 1940s, the Allies had no problems in issuing and executing death sentences on these people. Some 700 of them were extradited to Poland, where most stood trial in group trials. Due to limited contact between guards and prisoners, it was difficult for witnesses to identify them. Hence, they were sentenced to one to two years in prison “for belonging to a criminal organisation, the concentration camp crew”. Most left for the Federal Republic of Germany after serving their sentences.</p>\n<p><strong>Poles in the camp</strong></p>\n<p></p>\n<p>A small booklet with the dedication ‘Son, remember that courage is the most important thing in life’, kept at the Museum, helps to tell the story of Bernard Świerczyna, a Polish Auschwitz prisoner and member of the camp resistance movement. Prisoners employed in the offices found books of fairy tales that most likely belonged to murdered Jewish children. Illustrations and texts were copied and illegally sent home to maintain relationships with relatives or to leave behind mementos. One such booklet, telling the story of a hare whose home was taken away by a wolf but rescued thanks to the help of other animals, was made by Bernard Świerczyna for his son Felicjan.</p>\n<p>Hidden in a German dictionary, the booklet was handed to the boy’s mother without a word by an anonymous SS man after Świerczyna had already been hanged in the last execution carried out at the camp on 30 December 1944. After an unsuccessful escape from Auschwitz, he and several other prisoners were caught and, after an investigation, executed.</p>\n<p>More than 140,000 Poles were registered at Auschwitz, half of whom died here. Setkiewicz points out that this was a significantly higher mortality rate than among prisoners in other German concentration camps, which was probably already due to the way Auschwitz was designed, where a stationary crematorium was first put into operation. It should be noted, however, that in 1943 the conditions of Aryan prisoners, including Poles, improved when, worried about manpower, the Germans allowed food parcels to be sent to the camp. Jews were not allowed to take advantage of this privilege.</p>\n<p>“We also know from prisoners’ accounts that there were many more motives, reasons or ways in which one could survive being a Pole in the camp,” says Piotr Setkiewicz. “For example, a strong psyche. It could also have been the help of colleagues or participation in the resistance movement. Nevertheless, survival in Auschwitz was most often decided by chance. Even a Polish prisoner in a good kommando could have contracted typhus at any time, which was a very common disease in the camp. Then he would either die or be murdered by the SS.”</p>\n<p>Despite the terror and terrible conditions at Auschwitz, there were also several resistance groups, although relatively few prisoners knew about it. They could only observe its effects, such as the disappearance of a particularly cruel kapo or the escape of fellow prisoners. The most important organisation of this kind was the military conspiracy centred around Rotmistrz Witold Pilecki, to which the imprisoned officers belonged. One should also remember the leftist underground, headed by Józef Cyrankiewicz, a well-known pre-war PPS activist. One of the most important achievements of the conspirators was the collection and transmission outside the camp of information and data on what was happening inside. Figures on incoming transports, registered or dying prisoners or production were smuggled outside the camp and, thanks to the conspirators’ networks and the work of couriers, reached the Polish government in London. These activities involved great risks, and discovered members of the underground were subjected to cruel investigations, torture and then murdered, as was the case with Bernard Świerczyna.</p>\n<p><strong>Women in the camp</strong></p>\n<p></p>\n<p>With the first transport of women to Auschwitz in March 1942, 999 German women prisoners from Ravensbrück were brought in to form a women’s camp. An identical number of young Jewish women from Slovakia arrived on the same day. Initially, the camp authorities did not seem to know what to do with such a large number of women. It was difficult to find suitable work for them all. It was not until the summer that most of the already 17,000 women prisoners were transferred to the so-called <em>Frauen-Lager</em> (German: women’s camp) in Birkenau, where they were employed in construction and agricultural work. Educated women, especially those with knowledge of foreign languages, were employed in the administration, and medical staff were sent to the camp hospitals.</p>\n<p>“The women who were incarcerated in the camp underwent physical changes very quickly,” says Teresa Wątor-Cichy of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum. “Already during registration at the camp, most had their heads shaved. They were losing something that is an element of beauty, of care, a recognition of being a woman. Female prisoners said that they stood in a group as colleagues who had known each other for many years and suddenly could not recognise each other. Working beyond their strength in the camp and the minimal amounts of food caused them to lose weight. The lack of sanitary facilities, and therefore the possibility to wash themselves, caused their skin to become grey and rough. Another element that was of great concern to the female prisoners were the changes related to physiology: the stoppage of menstruation, precisely because of the loss of weight, because of the fear, the traumatic experiences they went through and witnessed,” she adds.</p>\n<p>The Museum’s collection includes a dozen or so portraits of female prisoners drawn by Zofia Stępień-Bator. The women look beautiful, have long hair and are elegantly dressed. Agnieszka Sieradzka emphasises that in this way the humiliated, deprived of identity and ailing female prisoners regained not only their beauty, but also their dignity and humanity.</p>\n<p><strong>Minorities in the camp</strong></p>\n<p></p>\n<p>Members of various ethnic, religious or sexual groups and minorities were victims of the racist policies of the Third Reich. In Birkenau, 21,000 members of the Roma and related Sinti communities were registered. Disease, starvation and later their planned extermination meant that only one in seven of them made it out alive after the camp’s liquidation.</p>\n<p>An unusually high mortality rate was also recorded among the approximately 15,000 Soviet prisoners of war brought to the camp. Some of them, in particular political officers, were not registered but were sent to their deaths straight away. Only a few of the 12,000 registered survived. The prisoners of war brought to Auschwitz after the German invasion of the USSR in 1941 were subjected to torture, assigned to the hardest labour and treated worse than other groups of prisoners, with the exception of the Jews. Their situation began to gradually improve from mid-1942, when the Germans needed more hands to work. Initially, registered Russian prisoners of war were given a number on scraps of cloth to sew onto their uniforms. However, it turned out that many were dying and the others were taking parts or whole garments together with the numbers from the dead, which caused confusion in the camp registers. Hence the idea of tattooing the numbers on the left side of the chest. Only later, from the spring of 1942, did the Germans start systematically tattooing numbers on the left forearm of all registered prisoners.</p>\n<p>Around 400 “Bible Students”, whom we would now call Jehovah’s Witnesses, were also deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. They ended up in the concentration camps because of their deep commitment to their beliefs. They refused not only military service, but even work in the armaments industry, which was punishable in the Third Reich. They had the possibility of regaining their freedom in exchange for a written renunciation of their religious principles. At Auschwitz-Birkenau, no one signed such a document.</p>\n<p>It is extremely difficult to ascertain exactly how many homosexuals were sent to the camp. According to Bogdan Piętka of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Museum, there may have been 77. Jacek Lachendro points out that German researcher Rainer Hoffschildt puts the number at over 130. The inaccuracies are due to the ambiguous marking of this category of prisoner. Some received pink triangles signifying imprisonment under the paragraph condemning homosexuals, but there were also those who might have received red triangles intended for political prisoners or green triangles signifying criminals. In contrast, historians’ research suggests that these people were among the most mistreated groups.</p>\n<p><strong>Death, or the slightest chance for survival… </strong></p>\n<p>Once again, the unknown author has drawn a boy in a navy uniform who is being forcibly dragged away from an elegant man in a hat by an SS man. The boy and the man helplessly extend their hands to each other. The child finds himself on the same side as an elderly, moustachioed Jew with a Star of David sewn on. Knowing the double role of Auschwitz-Birkenau, one can guess that the boy and the older man were facing immediate death. The elegant man, later stripped of his dignity, dressed in a striped suit, with a number instead of an identity, had a chance of being sent to the camp, which in itself did not yet mean survival.</p>\n<p><em>Republished on the 80th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz, January 27th, 2025.</em></p>\n<strong>Bartosz Panek</strong> is a radio feature documentary maker and reporter with over 20 years’ experience. Recipient of Polish and international awards, including the Prix Italia for best radio documentary. His work has been highlighted in competitions in Italy, France and Croatia. His first book – on the Polish Tatars – was published by Czarne in summer 2020.\n \n\n<strong>Jarosław Kociszewski</strong> is a broadcast and print journalist. Long-term Polish media corresponent in the Middle East and formerly of Polish Radio. He works with NGOs with a special focus on the Middle East and East Africa. Currently he is the editor of the <em><a href=\"http://www.new.org.pl/\">Nowa Europa Wschodnia </a></em>portal and an expert for Security and Development Foundation Stratpoints.\n \n\n<p><em>The article was produced as part of the Jan Nowak-Jeziorański Eastern Europe College project funded by the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Public task financed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland within the grant competition “Public Diplomacy 2022”. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of the official positions of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland.</em></p>\n<p></p>\n<p> </p>\n",
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                key:"autoTeaserLong": string:"**Pontos Críticos:**\n\n1. O \"Caderno de Esboços de Auschwitz\", criado por um artista desconhecido, serve como um documento histórico crucial, retratando com precisão as experiências angustiantes dos deportados judeus que chegavam a Auschwitz, incluindo o processo de seleção arrepiante que determinava vida ou morte.\n   \n2. A antiga rampa judaica, ou Judenrampe, foi um local significativo onde grandes transportes de judeus eram trazidos para a exterminação, com impressionantes 75-80% dos deportados enviados diretamente para câmaras de gás, destacando a dupla função de Auschwitz como um campo de trabalho e de extermínio.\n\n3. O artigo explora as dinâmicas complexas de sobrevivência dentro do campo, detalhando como fatores como idade, gênero e etnia influenciavam o destino dos prisioneiros, ao mesmo tempo em que lança luz sobre os movimentos de resistência que surgiram entre os internos.\n\n**Teaser:**\n\nÀ medida que o mundo se prepara para comemorar o 80º aniversário da libertação de Auschwitz, um caderno de esboços assombroso emerge, revelando as duras realidades enfrentadas pelos deportados judeus. Esta obra de arte inestimável captura os momentos arrepiante na Judenrampe, onde seleções que mudavam a vida ocorreram sob os olhos vigilantes dos guardas da SS. Mergulhe na história angustiante de Auschwitz, onde a sobrevivência dependia do acaso, e descubra as histórias não contadas de resistência e resiliência em meio ao horror inimaginável. Que segredos este caderno de esboços guarda, e como ele ilumina o legado sombrio de um dos campos de extermínio mais notórios da história?",
                key:"autoTeaserShort": string:"Uma exploração comovente do campo de Auschwitz-Birkenau revela as realidades angustiantes enfrentadas por suas vítimas. Através da arte e relatos históricos, o artigo revela a dupla natureza do campo como um local de trabalho e de extermínio, destacando as histórias daqueles que sofreram e resistiram. Clique para saber mais.",
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                key:"createdAt": string:"2025-02-17T07:24:47.02",
                key:"engine": string:"gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18",
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            {
                key:"title": string:"Auschwitz-Birkenau. Död vid en vinkning av fingret",
                key:"uid": string:"150161a4-09d3-4a3a-bada-1d4d51a7a255",
                key:"autoTeaserLong": string:"**Kritiska punkter:**\n\n1. \"Skissboken från Auschwitz,\" skapad av en okänd konstnär, fungerar som ett avgörande historiskt dokument som noggrant skildrar de skrämmande upplevelserna av judiska deporterade som anlände till Auschwitz, inklusive den skrämmande urvalsprocessen som avgjorde liv eller död.\n   \n2. Den gamla judiska rampen, eller Judenrampe, var en betydande plats där stora transporter av judar fördes för utrotning, med en chockerande 75-80% av de deporterade som skickades direkt till gaskamrar, vilket belyser Auschwitz dubbla funktion som både arbets- och utrotningsläger.\n\n3. Artikeln utforskar de komplexa dynamikerna av överlevnad inom lägret, och beskriver hur faktorer som ålder, kön och etnicitet påverkade fångarnas öde, samtidigt som den också belyser motståndsrörelserna som uppstod bland fångarna.\n\n**Teaser:**\n\nNär världen förbereder sig för att minnas 80-årsjubileet av Auschwitz befrielse, framträder en spöklik skissbok som avslöjar de brutala verkligheterna som judiska deporterade stod inför. Detta ovärderliga konstverk fångar de skrämmande ögonblicken vid Judenrampe, där livsavgörande urval ägde rum under de vaksamma ögonen på SS-vakter. Dyk ner i den skrämmande historien om Auschwitz, där överlevnad hängde på slumpen, och upptäck de otaliga berättelserna om motstånd och motståndskraft mitt i ofattbar skräck. Vilka hemligheter döljer denna skissbok, och hur belyser den det mörka arvet från en av historiens mest ökända utrotningsläger?",
                key:"autoTeaserShort": string:"En gripande utforskning av Auschwitz-Birkenau-lägret avslöjar de plågsamma verkligheterna som dess offer stod inför. Genom konst och historiska redogörelser avtäcker artikeln lägrets dubbla natur som både en arbets- och utrotningsplats, och lyfter fram berättelserna om dem som led och gjorde motstånd. Klicka för att lära dig mer.",
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                key:"createdAt": string:"2025-02-17T07:24:47.419",
                key:"engine": string:"gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18",
                key:"metadata": null:null,
                key:"revisionId": string:"vaywk66dbntuarx2kevfes7ycma",
                key:"subtitle": null:null,
                key:"summary": null:null,
                key:"summaryCleaned": null:null,
                key:"targetLanguage": string:"sv",
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            {
                key:"title": string:"Auschwitz-Birkenau. Dood met een vingerknip",
                key:"uid": string:"1a4f0de0-e4fa-40b5-b6f2-b71e1b88cec0",
                key:"autoTeaserLong": string:"**Kritische Punten:**\n\n1. Het \"Sketchbook from Auschwitz,\" gemaakt door een onbekende kunstenaar, dient als een cruciaal historisch document, dat nauwkeurig de aangrijpende ervaringen van Joodse gedeporteerden die in Auschwitz aankwamen weergeeft, inclusief het gruwelijke selectieproces dat leven of dood bepaalde.\n   \n2. De oude Joodse ramp, of Judenrampe, was een belangrijke locatie waar grote transporten van Joden werden gebracht voor uitroeiing, met een schokkende 75-80% van de gedeporteerden die rechtstreeks naar gaskamers werden gestuurd, wat de dubbele functie van Auschwitz als zowel een arbeids- als uitroeiingskamp benadrukt.\n\n3. Het artikel verkent de complexe dynamiek van overleving binnen het kamp, waarbij wordt gedetailleerd hoe factoren zoals leeftijd, geslacht en etniciteit de bestemming van gevangenen beïnvloedden, terwijl ook de verzetsbewegingen die onder de gevangenen ontstonden, belicht worden.\n\n**Teaser:**\n\nTerwijl de wereld zich voorbereidt om de 80ste verjaardag van de bevrijding van Auschwitz te herdenken, verschijnt er een spookachtig schetsboek, dat de harde realiteiten onthult waarmee Joodse gedeporteerden geconfronteerd werden. Dit onschatbare kunstwerk vangt de huiveringwekkende momenten bij de Judenrampe, waar levensveranderende selecties plaatsvonden onder de waakzame ogen van SS-bewakers. Verdiep je in de aangrijpende geschiedenis van Auschwitz, waar overleving afhing van toeval, en ontdek de onvertelde verhalen van verzet en veerkracht temidden van onvoorstelbaar horror. Welke geheimen houdt dit schetsboek in, en hoe verlicht het de donkere erfenis van een van de meest beruchte uitroeiingskampen in de geschiedenis?",
                key:"autoTeaserShort": string:"Een aangrijpende verkenning van het Auschwitz-Birkenau kamp onthult de aangrijpende realiteiten waarmee de slachtoffers geconfronteerd werden. Door middel van kunst en historische verslagen onthult het artikel de dubbele aard van het kamp als zowel een arbeids- als een vernietigingssite, waarbij de verhalen van degenen die hebben geleden en weerstand hebben geboden, worden belicht. Klik om meer te leren.",
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                key:"createdAt": string:"2025-02-17T07:24:46.974",
                key:"engine": string:"gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18",
                key:"metadata": null:null,
                key:"revisionId": string:"vaywk66dbntuarx2kevfes7ycma",
                key:"subtitle": null:null,
                key:"summary": null:null,
                key:"summaryCleaned": null:null,
                key:"targetLanguage": string:"nl",
                key:"updatedAt": null:null,
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            {
                key:"title": string:"Άουσβιτς-Μπίρκεναου. Θάνατος με μια κίνηση του δαχτύλου",
                key:"uid": string:"2b6f8496-20a6-46da-a9ba-c6a452044e6c",
                key:"autoTeaserLong": string:"**Κρίσιμα Σημεία:**\n\n1. Το \"Σκίτσο από το Άουσβιτς,\" που δημιουργήθηκε από έναν άγνωστο καλλιτέχνη, λειτουργεί ως ένα κρίσιμο ιστορικό έγγραφο, απεικονίζοντας με ακρίβεια τις τρομακτικές εμπειρίες των Εβραίων που απελάθηκαν στο Άουσβιτς, συμπεριλαμβανομένης της ανατριχιαστικής διαδικασίας επιλογής που καθόριζε τη ζωή ή το θάνατο.\n   \n2. Η παλιά εβραϊκή ράμπα, ή Judenrampe, ήταν ένας σημαντικός χώρος όπου μεγάλες μεταφορές Εβραίων φέρνονταν για εξόντωση, με ένα εκπληκτικό 75-80% των απελαθέντων να στέλνονται απευθείας σε θαλάμους αερίων, υπογραμμίζοντας τη διπλή λειτουργία του Άουσβιτς ως στρατόπεδο εργασίας και εξόντωσης.\n\n3. Το άρθρο εξερευνά τις πολύπλοκες δυναμικές της επιβίωσης μέσα στο στρατόπεδο, περιγράφοντας πώς παράγοντες όπως η ηλικία, το φύλο και η εθνοτική καταγωγή επηρέασαν τη μοίρα των κρατουμένων, ενώ ρίχνει φως και στις κινήσεις αντίστασης που αναδύθηκαν μεταξύ των κρατουμένων.\n\n**Teaser:**\n\nΚαθώς ο κόσμος προετοιμάζεται να τιμήσει την 80η επέτειο της απελευθέρωσης του Άουσβιτς, ένα στοιχειωμένο σκίτσο αναδύεται, αποκαλύπτοντας τις σκληρές πραγματικότητες που αντιμετώπισαν οι Εβραίοι απελαθέντες. Αυτό το ανεκτίμητο έργο τέχνης αποτυπώνει τις ανατριχιαστικές στιγμές στη Judenrampe, όπου πραγματοποιήθηκαν επιλογές που άλλαξαν τη ζωή κάτω από τα παρατηρητικά μάτια των φρουρών SS. Εξερευνήστε την τρομακτική ιστορία του Άουσβιτς, όπου η επιβίωση εξαρτιόταν από την τύχη, και ανακαλύψτε τις αδημοσίευτες ιστορίες αντίστασης και ανθεκτικότητας εν μέσω αδιανόητου τρόμου. Ποια μυστικά κρύβει αυτό το σκίτσο, και πώς φωτίζει την σκοτεινή κληρονομιά ενός από τα πιο διαβόητα στρατόπεδα εξόντωσης της ιστορίας;",
                key:"autoTeaserShort": string:"Μια συγκινητική εξερεύνηση του στρατοπέδου Άουσβιτς-Μπίρκεναου αποκαλύπτει τις σκληρές πραγματικότητες που αντιμετώπισαν τα θύματά του. Μέσω της τέχνης και ιστορικών αφηγήσεων, το άρθρο αποκαλύπτει τη διπλή φύση του στρατοπέδου ως τόπου εργασίας και εξόντωσης, αναδεικνύοντας τις ιστορίες αυτών που υπέφεραν και αντιστάθηκαν. Κάντε κλικ για να μάθετε περισσότερα.",
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                key:"createdAt": string:"2025-02-17T07:24:47.372",
                key:"engine": string:"gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18",
                key:"metadata": null:null,
                key:"revisionId": string:"vaywk66dbntuarx2kevfes7ycma",
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            {
                key:"title": string:"Auschwitz-Birkenau. Der Tod auf einen Fingerzeig",
                key:"uid": string:"2f0ab049-7407-4e5e-afbc-6134cd64cf63",
                key:"autoTeaserLong": string:"**Kritische Punkte:**\n\n1. Das \"Skizzenbuch aus Auschwitz\", erstellt von einem unbekannten Künstler, dient als ein entscheidendes historisches Dokument, das die erschütternden Erfahrungen jüdischer Deportierter, die in Auschwitz ankamen, genau darstellt, einschließlich des erschreckenden Auswahlprozesses, der über Leben oder Tod entschied.\n   \n2. Die alte jüdische Rampe, oder Judenrampe, war ein bedeutender Ort, an dem große Transporte von Juden zur Vernichtung gebracht wurden, wobei erstaunliche 75-80% der Deportierten direkt in die Gaskammern geschickt wurden, was die doppelte Funktion von Auschwitz als Arbeits- und Vernichtungslager hervorhebt.\n\n3. Der Artikel untersucht die komplexen Dynamiken des Überlebens im Lager und beschreibt, wie Faktoren wie Alter, Geschlecht und Ethnie das Schicksal der Gefangenen beeinflussten, während er auch Licht auf die Widerstandsbewegungen wirft, die unter den Insassen entstanden.\n\n**Teaser:**\n\nWährend die Welt sich darauf vorbereitet, den 80. Jahrestag der Befreiung von Auschwitz zu gedenken, taucht ein gespenstisches Skizzenbuch auf, das die harten Realitäten zeigt, mit denen jüdische Deportierte konfrontiert waren. Dieses unschätzbare Kunstwerk fängt die erschreckenden Momente an der Judenrampe ein, wo lebensverändernde Auswahlen unter den wachsamen Augen der SS-Wachen stattfanden. Tauchen Sie ein in die erschütternde Geschichte von Auschwitz, wo das Überleben vom Zufall abhing, und entdecken Sie die ungehörten Geschichten von Widerstand und Resilienz inmitten unvorstellbaren Horrors. Welche Geheimnisse birgt dieses Skizzenbuch, und wie beleuchtet es das dunkle Erbe eines der berüchtigtsten Vernichtungslager der Geschichte?",
                key:"autoTeaserShort": string:"Eine eindringliche Erkundung des Auschwitz-Birkenau-Lagers offenbart die erschütternden Realitäten, mit denen seine Opfer konfrontiert waren. Durch Kunst und historische Berichte deckt der Artikel die doppelte Natur des Lagers als Arbeits- und Vernichtungsstätte auf und hebt die Geschichten derjenigen hervor, die litten und Widerstand leisteten. Klicken Sie hier, um mehr zu erfahren.",
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                key:"createdAt": string:"2025-02-17T07:24:46.484",
                key:"engine": string:"gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18",
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                key:"targetLanguage": string:"de",
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            {
                key:"title": string:"Auschwitz-Birkenau. Kuolema sormen heilautuksella",
                key:"uid": string:"471e3854-4493-487d-a3c9-77444b918a6d",
                key:"autoTeaserLong": string:"**Kriittiset kohdat:**\n\n1. \"Auschwitzin luonnosvihko\", jonka on luonut tuntematon taiteilija, toimii tärkeänä historiallisena asiakirjana, joka kuvaa tarkasti juutalaisten siirtolaisten kauheita kokemuksia Auschwitzissa, mukaan lukien kylmät valintaprosessit, jotka päättivät elämän tai kuoleman.\n   \n2. Vanha juutalaisramppi, eli Judenrampe, oli merkittävä paikka, johon suuria juutalaisten kuljetuksia tuotiin tuhoamista varten, ja hämmästyttävät 75-80 % siirtolaisista lähetettiin suoraan kaasukammioihin, mikä korostaa Auschwitzin kaksoistoimintoa sekä työ- että tuhoamisleirinä.\n\n3. Artikkeli tutkii leirin selviytymisen monimutkaisia dynamiikkoja, yksityiskohtaisesti kuinka tekijät kuten ikä, sukupuoli ja etnisyys vaikuttivat vankien kohtaloon, samalla kun se valottaa vankien keskuudessa syntyneitä vastarintaliikkeitä.\n\n**Teaser:**\n\nKun maailma valmistautuu juhlistamaan Auschwitzin vapauttamisen 80. vuosipäivää, ilmestyy kammottava luonnosvihko, joka paljastaa juutalaisten siirtolaisten kohtaamat karut todellisuudet. Tämä korvaamaton taideteos tallentaa kylmät hetket Judenrampella, jossa elämää muuttavia valintoja tehtiin SS-vartijoiden valvovien silmien alla. Sukella Auschwitzin kauheaan historiaan, jossa selviytyminen riippui sattumasta, ja löydä kertomattomat tarinat vastarinnasta ja kestävyydestä käsittämättömän kauhun keskellä. Mitä salaisuuksia tämä luonnosvihko pitää sisällään, ja miten se valaisee yhden historian pahamaineisimmista tuhoamisleireistä pimeää perintöä?",
                key:"autoTeaserShort": string:"Auschwitz-Birkenau-leirin koskettava tutkimus paljastaa sen uhreille kohdistuvat kammottavat todellisuudet. Taiteen ja historiallisten kertomusten kautta artikkeli paljastaa leirin kaksijakoisen luonteen sekä työ- että tuhoamispaikkana, korostaen niiden tarinoita, jotka kärsivät ja vastustivat. Klikkaa oppiaksesi lisää.",
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                key:"createdAt": string:"2025-02-17T07:24:47.318",
                key:"engine": string:"gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18",
                key:"metadata": null:null,
                key:"revisionId": string:"vaywk66dbntuarx2kevfes7ycma",
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                key:"summary": null:null,
                key:"summaryCleaned": null:null,
                key:"targetLanguage": string:"fi",
                key:"updatedAt": null:null,
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            {
                key:"title": string:"Auschwitz-Birkenau. Smrt na mahnuvanje prsta",
                key:"uid": string:"47613530-6328-48de-96ef-3d5ee153c338",
                key:"autoTeaserLong": string:"**Kritične točke:**\n\n1. \"Skicirna iz Auschwitza,\" koju je stvorio nepoznati umjetnik, služi kao ključni povijesni dokument, točno prikazujući strašne doživljaje židovskih deportiranika koji su stizali u Auschwitz, uključujući zastrašujući proces selekcije koji je određivao život ili smrt.\n   \n2. Stara židovska ramp, ili Judenrampe, bila je značajno mjesto gdje su veliki transporti Židova dovedeni na istrebljenje, s nevjerojatnih 75-80% deportiranika poslanih izravno u plinske komore, ističući dvostruku funkciju Auschwitza kao radnog i logora za istrebljenje.\n\n3. Članak istražuje složene dinamike preživljavanja unutar logora, detaljno opisujući kako su faktori poput dobi, spola i etničke pripadnosti utjecali na sudbinu zatvorenika, dok također osvjetljava pokrete otpora koji su se pojavili među zatvorenicima.\n\n**Teaser:**\n\nDok se svijet priprema obilježiti 80. godišnjicu oslobođenja Auschwitza, pojavljuje se progonjena skicirna, otkrivajući oštre stvarnosti s kojima su se suočavali židovski deportiranici. Ovo neprocjenjivo umjetničko djelo bilježi zastrašujuće trenutke na Judenrampe, gdje su se odvijale selekcije koje su mijenjale život pod budnim okom SS čuvara. Zaronite u strašnu povijest Auschwitza, gdje je preživljavanje ovisilo o slučaju, i otkrijte neispričane priče otpora i otpornosti usred nezamislivog užasa. Koje tajne skriva ova skicirna, i kako osvjetljava mračnu baštinu jednog od najzloglasnijih logora za istrebljenje u povijesti?",
                key:"autoTeaserShort": string:"Duboko istraživanje logora Auschwitz-Birkenau otkriva strašne stvarnosti s kojima su se suočavali njegovi žrtve. Kroz umjetnost i povijesne izvještaje, članak otkriva dvostruku prirodu logora kao mjesta rada i istrebljenja, ističući priče onih koji su patili i pružali otpor. Kliknite za više informacija.",
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                key:"engine": string:"gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18",
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                key:"summaryCleaned": null:null,
                key:"targetLanguage": string:"hr",
                key:"updatedAt": null:null,
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            {
                key:"title": string:"Auschwitz-Birkenau. Halál egy ujjal való intésre",
                key:"uid": string:"56df3f6e-d906-4915-9ae6-cd243f7008bb",
                key:"autoTeaserLong": string:"**Kritikus Pontok:**\n\n1. Az \"Auschwitzi Vázlatfüzet,\" amelyet egy ismeretlen művész készített, kulcsfontosságú történelmi dokumentumként szolgál, pontosan ábrázolva a zsidó deportáltak Auschwitzba érkezésének borzalmas élményeit, beleértve a félelmetes szelektálási folyamatot, amely az életet vagy a halált határozta meg.\n   \n2. A régi zsidó rámpa, vagy Judenrampe, jelentős helyszín volt, ahol nagy zsidó szállítmányokat hoztak elpusztításra, a deportáltak 75-80%-ának közvetlenül a gázkamrákba küldésével, hangsúlyozva Auschwitz kettős funkcióját, mint munka- és megsemmisítő tábort.\n\n3. A cikk a táboron belüli túlélés összetett dinamikáit vizsgálja, részletezve, hogy az olyan tényezők, mint az életkor, nem és etnikum hogyan befolyásolták a foglyok sorsát, miközben rávilágít a rabok között megjelenő ellenállási mozgalmakra is.\n\n**Előzetes:**\n\nAhogy a világ készül megemlékezni Auschwitz felszabadításának 80. évfordulójáról, egy kísérteties vázlatfüzet kerül elő, felfedve a zsidó deportáltak által tapasztalt szigorú valóságokat. Ez az felbecsülhetetlen műalkotás megörökíti a Judenrampe-i félelmetes pillanatokat, ahol életet megváltoztató szelektálások zajlottak az SS őrök figyelő szemei alatt. Merüljön el Auschwitz borzalmas történetében, ahol a túlélés a véletlenen múlott, és fedezze fel az ellenállás és a kitartás meg nem mondott történeteit a képzelhetetlen borzalmak közepette. Milyen titkokat rejt ez a vázlatfüzet, és hogyan világítja meg a történelem egyik leghírhedtebb megsemmisítő táborának sötét örökségét?",
                key:"autoTeaserShort": string:"A Auschwitz-Birkenau tábor fájdalmas felfedezése feltárja az áldozatai által megélt borzalmas valóságokat. Művészet és történelmi beszámolók révén a cikk felfedi a tábor kettős természetét, mint munka- és megsemmisítőhely, kiemelve azok történeteit, akik szenvedtek és ellenálltak. Kattintson a további információkért.",
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                key:"engine": string:"gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18",
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            {
                key:"title": string:"Auschwitz-Birkenau. Śmierć na skinienie palca",
                key:"uid": string:"5ceda5b1-6c14-4367-aa1d-a8fe0d252086",
                key:"autoTeaserLong": string:"**Krytyczne punkty:**\n\n1. \"Szkicownik z Auschwitz\", stworzony przez nieznanego artystę, stanowi kluczowy dokument historyczny, dokładnie przedstawiający przerażające doświadczenia żydowskich deportowanych przybywających do Auschwitz, w tym przerażający proces selekcji, który decydował o życiu lub śmierci.\n   \n2. Stara żydowska rampę, czyli Judenrampe, była znaczącym miejscem, gdzie duże transporty Żydów były przywożone na eksterminację, z oszałamiającymi 75-80% deportowanych wysyłanych bezpośrednio do komór gazowych, co podkreśla podwójną funkcję Auschwitz jako obozu pracy i obozu eksterminacyjnego.\n\n3. Artykuł bada złożoną dynamikę przetrwania w obozie, szczegółowo opisując, jak czynniki takie jak wiek, płeć i etniczność wpływały na losy więźniów, jednocześnie rzucając światło na ruchy oporu, które pojawiły się wśród osadzonych.\n\n**Zwiastun:**\n\nGdy świat przygotowuje się do upamiętnienia 80. rocznicy wyzwolenia Auschwitz, pojawia się przerażający szkicownik, ujawniający surowe realia, z jakimi borykali się żydowscy deportowani. To bezcenne dzieło sztuki uchwyca przerażające momenty na Judenrampe, gdzie miały miejsce zmieniające życie selekcje pod czujnym okiem strażników SS. Zgłębiaj przerażającą historię Auschwitz, gdzie przetrwanie zależało od przypadku, i odkryj nieopowiedziane historie oporu i odporności w obliczu niewyobrażalnego horroru. Jakie tajemnice skrywa ten szkicownik i jak oświetla mroczne dziedzictwo jednego z najbardziej notorious obozów eksterminacyjnych w historii?",
                key:"autoTeaserShort": string:"Wzruszająca eksploracja obozu Auschwitz-Birkenau ujawnia przerażające realia, z jakimi borykali się jego ofiary. Poprzez sztukę i relacje historyczne, artykuł odkrywa podwójną naturę obozu jako miejsca pracy i eksterminacji, podkreślając historie tych, którzy cierpieli i stawiali opór. Kliknij, aby dowiedzieć się więcej.",
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                key:"createdAt": string:"2025-02-17T07:24:46.867",
                key:"engine": string:"gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18",
                key:"metadata": null:null,
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                key:"targetLanguage": string:"pl",
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            {
                key:"title": string:"Аушвіц-Біркенау. Смерть на помах руки",
                key:"uid": string:"7ebd141d-bafb-45ce-b8db-8b394bdc9d7f",
                key:"autoTeaserLong": string:"**Критичні моменти:**\n\n1. \"Скетчбук з Аушвіца\", створений невідомим художником, є важливим історичним документом, який точно зображує жахливі переживання єврейських депортованих, які прибували в Аушвіц, включаючи жахливий процес відбору, що визначав життя або смерть.\n   \n2. Стара єврейська рампа, або Judenrampe, була значним місцем, куди доставляли великі транспорти євреїв для знищення, з вражаючими 75-80% депортованих, відправлених безпосередньо до газових камер, що підкреслює подвійне призначення Аушвіца як трудового та табору знищення.\n\n3. Стаття досліджує складну динаміку виживання в таборі, детально описуючи, як такі фактори, як вік, стать і етнічність, впливали на долю в'язнів, а також висвітлює рухи опору, які виникли серед ув'язнених.\n\n**Тізер:**\n\nКоли світ готується вшанувати 80-ту річницю визволення Аушвіца, з'являється моторошний скетчбук, що розкриває сувору реальність, з якою стикалися єврейські депортовані. Цей безцінний витвір мистецтва фіксує жахливі моменти на Judenrampe, де відбувалися зміни, що змінювали життя, під пильним наглядом охоронців СС. Пориньте в жахливу історію Аушвіца, де виживання залежало від випадку, і відкрийте невідомі історії опору та стійкості серед неймовірного жаху. Які секрети приховує цей скетчбук, і як він висвітлює темну спадщину одного з найвідоміших таборів знищення в історії?",
                key:"autoTeaserShort": string:"Зворушливе дослідження табору Аушвіц-Біркенау виявляє жахливі реалії, з якими стикалися його жертви. Через мистецтво та історичні свідчення стаття розкриває подвійний характер табору як місця праці та знищення, підкреслюючи історії тих, хто страждав і чинив опір. Натисніть, щоб дізнатися більше.",
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                key:"createdAt": string:"2025-02-17T07:24:47.069",
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            {
                key:"title": string:"Аушвиц-Биркенау. Смерть по щелчку пальца",
                key:"uid": string:"85822db7-0cd3-45f2-aeba-b3a48ce17d83",
                key:"autoTeaserLong": string:"**Критические моменты:**\n\n1. \"Скетчбук из Освенцима\", созданный неизвестным художником, служит важным историческим документом, точно изображающим ужасные переживания еврейских депортированных, прибывающих в Освенцим, включая жуткий процесс отбора, который определял жизнь или смерть.\n   \n2. Старая еврейская рампа, или Judenrampe, была значительным местом, куда привозили большие транспорты евреев для уничтожения, при этом ошеломляющие 75-80% депортированных отправлялись прямо в газовые камеры, подчеркивая двойную функцию Освенцима как трудового и лагеря уничтожения.\n\n3. Статья исследует сложные динамики выживания в лагере, подробно описывая, как такие факторы, как возраст, пол и этническая принадлежность, влияли на судьбу заключенных, а также освещает движения сопротивления, которые возникли среди узников.\n\n**Тизер:**\n\nПока мир готовится отметить 80-ю годовщину освобождения Освенцима, появляется жуткий скетчбук, раскрывающий суровые реалии, с которыми столкнулись еврейские депортированные. Это бесценное произведение искусства запечатлевает пугающие моменты на Judenrampe, где происходили судьбоносные отборы под пристальным наблюдением охранников СС. Погрузитесь в ужасную историю Освенцима, где выживание зависело от случая, и откройте нерассказанные истории сопротивления и стойкости среди невообразимого ужаса. Какие секреты хранит этот скетчбук и как он освещает темное наследие одного из самых известных лагерей уничтожения в истории?",
                key:"autoTeaserShort": string:"Трогательное исследование лагеря Аушвиц-Биркенау раскрывает ужасные реалии, с которыми столкнулись его жертвы. Через искусство и исторические свидетельства статья выявляет двойственную природу лагеря как места труда и уничтожения, подчеркивая истории тех, кто страдал и сопротивлялся. Нажмите, чтобы узнать больше.",
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                key:"createdAt": string:"2025-02-17T07:24:47.116",
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                key:"targetLanguage": string:"ru",
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            {
                key:"title": string:"Auschwitz-Birkenau. La mort d'un geste de la main",
                key:"uid": string:"8b59629d-39ba-40bd-8972-8769aab26df3",
                key:"autoTeaserLong": string:"**Points critiques :**\n\n1. Le \"Carnet de croquis d'Auschwitz\", créé par un artiste inconnu, sert de document historique crucial, décrivant avec précision les expériences éprouvantes des déportés juifs arrivant à Auschwitz, y compris le processus de sélection glaçant qui déterminait la vie ou la mort.\n   \n2. La vieille rampe juive, ou Judenrampe, était un site significatif où de grands transports de Juifs étaient amenés pour l'extermination, avec un chiffre stupéfiant de 75 à 80 % des déportés envoyés directement vers les chambres à gaz, soulignant la double fonction d'Auschwitz en tant que camp de travail et d'extermination.\n\n3. L'article explore les dynamiques complexes de la survie au sein du camp, détaillant comment des facteurs tels que l'âge, le sexe et l'ethnicité influençaient le sort des prisonniers, tout en mettant également en lumière les mouvements de résistance qui ont émergé parmi les détenus.\n\n**Teaser :**\n\nAlors que le monde se prépare à commémorer le 80e anniversaire de la libération d'Auschwitz, un carnet de croquis hantant émerge, révélant les réalités starkes auxquelles étaient confrontés les déportés juifs. Cette œuvre d'art inestimable capture les moments glaçants à la Judenrampe, où des sélections déterminantes pour la vie avaient lieu sous les yeux vigilants des gardes SS. Plongez dans l'histoire éprouvante d'Auschwitz, où la survie dépendait du hasard, et découvrez les histoires non racontées de résistance et de résilience au milieu d'une horreur inimaginable. Quels secrets ce carnet de croquis renferme-t-il, et comment éclaire-t-il l'héritage sombre de l'un des camps d'extermination les plus notoires de l'histoire ?",
                key:"autoTeaserShort": string:"Une exploration poignante du camp d'Auschwitz-Birkenau révèle les réalités déchirantes auxquelles ses victimes ont été confrontées. À travers l'art et des récits historiques, l'article dévoile la double nature du camp en tant que site de travail et d'extermination, mettant en lumière les histoires de ceux qui ont souffert et résisté. Cliquez pour en savoir plus.",
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                key:"createdAt": string:"2025-02-17T07:24:46.683",
                key:"engine": string:"gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18",
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                key:"targetLanguage": string:"fr",
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            {
                key:"title": string:"Auschwitz-Birkenau. Smrt na talasu prsta",
                key:"uid": string:"97f1be9d-a534-43e1-9639-e938f409682d",
                key:"autoTeaserLong": string:"**Kritične tačke:**\n\n1. \"Skica iz Aušvica,\" koju je stvorio nepoznati umetnik, služi kao ključni istorijski dokument, tačno prikazujući strašne doživljaje jevrejskih deportovanih koji su stizali u Aušvic, uključujući zastrašujući proces selekcije koji je određivao život ili smrt.\n   \n2. Stara jevrejska rampа, ili Judenrampe, bila je značajno mesto gde su veliki transporti Jevreja dovedeni na istrebljenje, sa zapanjujućih 75-80% deportovanih koji su poslati direktno u gasne komore, ističući dvostruku funkciju Aušvica kao radnog i logora za istrebljenje.\n\n3. Članak istražuje složene dinamike preživljavanja unutar logora, detaljno opisujući kako su faktori kao što su starost, pol i etnička pripadnost uticali na sudbinu zatvorenika, dok takođe osvetljava pokrete otpora koji su se pojavili među zatvorenicima.\n\n**Teaser:**\n\nDok se svet priprema da obeleži 80. godišnjicu oslobođenja Aušvica, pojavljuje se jeziva skica, otkrivajući oštre stvarnosti s kojima su se suočavali jevrejski deportovani. Ovo neprocenjivo umetničko delo hvata zastrašujuće trenutke na Judenrampe, gde su se odvijale selekcije koje su menjale život pod budnim okom SS čuvara. Zaronite u strašnu istoriju Aušvica, gde je preživljavanje zavisilo od sreće, i otkrijte neispričane priče otpora i otpornosti usred nezamislivog užasa. Koje tajne skriva ova skica, i kako osvetljava mračnu ostavštinu jednog od najzloglasnijih logora za istrebljenje u istoriji?",
                key:"autoTeaserShort": string:"Duboko istraživanje logora Auschwitz-Birkenau otkriva strašne stvarnosti s kojima su se suočavali njegovi žrtve. Kroz umetnost i istorijske izveštaje, članak otkriva dvostruku prirodu logora kao mesta za rad i istrebljenje, ističući priče onih koji su patili i pružali otpor. Kliknite da saznate više.",
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                key:"createdAt": string:"2025-02-17T07:24:47.515",
                key:"engine": string:"gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18",
                key:"metadata": null:null,
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                key:"targetLanguage": string:"sr",
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            {
                key:"title": string:"Auschwitz-Birkenau. Bir parmak hareketiyle ölüm",
                key:"uid": string:"9c7b5a3f-bb80-4fcf-a5c3-84b2416146f0",
                key:"autoTeaserLong": string:"**Kritik Noktalar:**\n\n1. Bilinmeyen bir sanatçı tarafından yaratılan \"Auschwitz'ten Sketç Kitabı\", Auschwitz'e gelen Yahudi deportelerinin korkunç deneyimlerini doğru bir şekilde tasvir eden önemli bir tarihi belge olarak hizmet etmektedir; yaşam veya ölümü belirleyen ürkütücü seçim sürecini de içermektedir.\n   \n2. Eski Yahudi rampası, ya da Judenrampe, büyük Yahudi taşımalarının yok edilmek üzere getirildiği önemli bir yerdi; burada deportelerin %75-80'inin doğrudan gaz odalarına gönderilmesi, Auschwitz'in hem bir işçi hem de yok etme kampı olarak çift işlevini vurgulamaktadır.\n\n3. Makale, kamptaki hayatta kalma dinamiklerini keşfederek, yaş, cinsiyet ve etnik köken gibi faktörlerin mahkumların kaderini nasıl etkilediğini detaylandırmakta ve aynı zamanda mahkumlar arasında ortaya çıkan direniş hareketlerine ışık tutmaktadır.\n\n**Tanıtım:**\n\nDünya, Auschwitz'in kurtuluşunun 80. yıl dönümünü anmak için hazırlanırken, Yahudi deportelerinin karşılaştığı sert gerçekleri ortaya koyan ürkütücü bir sketç kitabı ortaya çıkıyor. Bu paha biçilmez sanat eseri, SS muhafızlarının gözetiminde hayatı değiştiren seçimlerin yapıldığı Judenrampe'deki korkutucu anları yakalamaktadır. Hayatta kalmanın şansa bağlı olduğu Auschwitz'in korkunç tarihine dalın ve hayal edilemez bir dehşet içinde direniş ve dayanıklılığın anlatılmamış hikayelerini keşfedin. Bu sketç kitabı hangi sırları barındırıyor ve tarihin en kötü şöhretli yok etme kamplarından birinin karanlık mirasını nasıl aydınlatıyor?",
                key:"autoTeaserShort": string:"Auschwitz-Birkenau kampının dokunaklı bir keşfi, kurbanlarının karşılaştığı korkunç gerçekleri ortaya koyuyor. Sanat ve tarihi anlatımlar aracılığıyla, makale kampın hem bir çalışma hem de bir imha yeri olarak çift yönlü doğasını açığa çıkarıyor ve acı çeken ve direnenlerin hikayelerini vurguluyor. Daha fazla bilgi edinmek için tıklayın.",
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                key:"createdAt": string:"2025-02-17T07:24:47.172",
                key:"engine": string:"gpt-4o-mini-2024-07-18",
                key:"metadata": null:null,
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            {
                key:"title": string:"Auschwitz-Birkenau. Death at a wave of a finger",
                key:"uid": string:"9dab3a2b-e0d4-4001-9c89-33d68c9df2ce",
                key:"autoTeaserLong": string:"**Critical Points:**\n\n1. The \"Sketchbook from Auschwitz,\" created by an unknown artist, serves as a crucial historical document, accurately depicting the harrowing experiences of Jewish deportees arriving at Auschwitz, including the chilling selection process that determined life or death.\n   \n2. The old Jewish ramp, or Judenrampe, was a significant site where large transports of Jews were brought for extermination, with a staggering 75-80% of deportees sent directly to gas chambers, highlighting the dual function of Auschwitz as both a labor and extermination camp.\n\n3. The article explores the complex dynamics of survival within the camp, detailing how factors such as age, gender, and ethnicity influenced the fate of prisoners, while also shedding light on the resistance movements that emerged among inmates.\n\n**Teaser:**\n\nAs the world prepares to commemorate the 80th anniversary of Auschwitz's liberation, a haunting sketchbook emerges, revealing the stark realities faced by Jewish deportees. This invaluable artwork captures the chilling moments at the Judenrampe, where life-altering selections took place under the watchful eyes of SS guards. Delve into the harrowing history of Auschwitz, where survival hinged on chance, and discover the untold stories of resistance and resilience amidst unimaginable horror. What secrets does this sketchbook hold, and how does it illuminate the dark legacy of one of history's most notorious extermination camps?",
                key:"autoTeaserShort": string:"A poignant exploration of the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp reveals the harrowing realities faced by its victims. Through art and historical accounts, the article uncovers the dual nature of the camp as both a labor and extermination site, highlighting the stories of those who suffered and resisted. Click to learn more.",
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                key:"title": string:"Auschwitz-Birkenau. Smrť na mávnutie prsta",
                key:"uid": string:"9e67abb2-72b0-4b91-a4d4-bfc02e76f00c",
                key:"autoTeaserLong": string:"**Kritické body:**\n\n1. \"Skicár z Auschwitz,\" vytvorený neznámym umelcom, slúži ako kľúčový historický dokument, presne zachytávajúci hrozné skúsenosti židovských deportovaných, ktorí prichádzali do Auschwitz, vrátane desivého výberového procesu, ktorý určoval život alebo smrť.\n   \n2. Starý židovský nástup, alebo Judenrampe, bol významným miestom, kde boli veľké transporty Židov privádzané na vyhladenie, pričom ohromujúcich 75-80% deportovaných bolo poslaných priamo do plynových komôr, čo zdôrazňuje dvojitú funkciu Auschwitz ako pracovného a vyhladzovacieho tábora.\n\n3. Článok skúma zložitú dynamiku prežitia v tábore, podrobne popisujúc, ako faktory ako vek, pohlavie a etnický pôvod ovplyvnili osud väzňov, pričom tiež osvetľuje odbojové hnutia, ktoré sa objavili medzi väzňami.\n\n**Teaser:**\n\nKeď sa svet pripravuje na pripomenutie si 80. výročia oslobodenia Auschwitz, objavuje sa desivý skicár, ktorý odhaľuje drsné reality, ktorým čelili židovskí deportovaní. Toto neoceniteľné umelecké dielo zachytáva desivé momenty na Judenrampe, kde sa pod dohľadom strážcov SS konali život meniace výbery. Ponorte sa do hroznej histórie Auschwitz, kde prežitie záviselo od náhody, a objavte nevyrozprávané príbehy odboja a odolnosti uprostred nepredstaviteľného hororu. Aké tajomstvá tento skicár skrýva a ako osvetľuje temný odkaz jedného z najznámejších vyhladzovacích táborov v histórii?",
                key:"autoTeaserShort": string:"Hlboké preskúmanie tábora Auschwitz-Birkenau odhaľuje desivé reality, ktorým čelili jeho obete. Prostredníctvom umenia a historických záznamov článok odhaľuje dvojitú povahu tábora ako miesta práce a vyhladzovania, pričom zdôrazňuje príbehy tých, ktorí trpeli a odolávali. Kliknite a dozviete sa viac.",
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                key:"title": string:"Auschwitz-Birkenau. Muerte con un gesto de un dedo",
                key:"uid": string:"b9525128-5a70-4799-8988-87bcdf6cec3f",
                key:"autoTeaserLong": string:"**Puntos Críticos:**\n\n1. El \"Cuaderno de bocetos de Auschwitz\", creado por un artista desconocido, sirve como un documento histórico crucial, representando con precisión las experiencias desgarradoras de los deportados judíos que llegaban a Auschwitz, incluyendo el escalofriante proceso de selección que determinaba la vida o la muerte.\n   \n2. La antigua rampa judía, o Judenrampe, fue un sitio significativo donde se traían grandes transportes de judíos para su exterminio, con un asombroso 75-80% de los deportados enviados directamente a las cámaras de gas, destacando la doble función de Auschwitz como campo de trabajo y de exterminio.\n\n3. El artículo explora las complejas dinámicas de supervivencia dentro del campo, detallando cómo factores como la edad, el género y la etnicidad influían en el destino de los prisioneros, al mismo tiempo que arroja luz sobre los movimientos de resistencia que surgieron entre los internos.\n\n**Avance:**\n\nA medida que el mundo se prepara para conmemorar el 80 aniversario de la liberación de Auschwitz, un inquietante cuaderno de bocetos emerge, revelando las duras realidades enfrentadas por los deportados judíos. Esta invaluable obra de arte captura los momentos escalofriantes en la Judenrampe, donde se llevaban a cabo selecciones que alteraban la vida bajo la atenta mirada de los guardias de las SS. Profundiza en la historia desgarradora de Auschwitz, donde la supervivencia dependía del azar, y descubre las historias no contadas de resistencia y resiliencia en medio de un horror inimaginable. ¿Qué secretos guarda este cuaderno de bocetos y cómo ilumina el oscuro legado de uno de los campos de exterminio más notorios de la historia?",
                key:"autoTeaserShort": string:"Una exploración conmovedora del campo de Auschwitz-Birkenau revela las duras realidades enfrentadas por sus víctimas. A través del arte y relatos históricos, el artículo descubre la doble naturaleza del campo como sitio de trabajo y exterminio, destacando las historias de aquellos que sufrieron y resistieron. Haz clic para aprender más.",
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            {
                key:"title": string:"Auschwitz-Birkenau. Smrt na mávnutí prstem",
                key:"uid": string:"c93ae92e-2311-46b0-a0f7-5ccbb5287b19",
                key:"autoTeaserLong": string:"**Kritické body:**\n\n1. \"Skicák z Osvětimi,\" vytvořený neznámým umělcem, slouží jako klíčový historický dokument, který přesně zachycuje hrůzné zkušenosti židovských deportovaných, kteří přicházeli do Osvětimi, včetně mrazivého výběrového procesu, který určoval život nebo smrt.\n   \n2. Starý židovský ramp, nebo Judenrampe, byl významným místem, kde byly přiváženy velké transporty Židů k vyhlazení, přičemž ohromujících 75-80 % deportovaných bylo posláno přímo do plynových komor, což zdůrazňuje dvojí funkci Osvětimi jako pracovního a vyhlazovacího tábora.\n\n3. Článek zkoumá složité dynamiky přežití v táboře, podrobně popisuje, jak faktory jako věk, pohlaví a etnicita ovlivnily osud vězňů, a zároveň osvětlil odbojové hnutí, které se mezi vězni objevilo.\n\n**Teaser:**\n\nJak se svět připravuje na připomínku 80. výročí osvobození Osvětimi, objevuje se strašidelný skicák, který odhaluje drsné reality, jimž čelili židovští deportovaní. Toto neocenitelné umělecké dílo zachycuje mrazivé okamžiky na Judenrampe, kde se pod bdělýma očima strážců SS odehrávaly život měnící výběry. Ponořte se do hrůzné historie Osvětimi, kde přežití záviselo na náhodě, a objevte nevyprávěné příběhy odporu a odolnosti uprostřed nepředstavitelného hororu. Jaká tajemství tento skicák skrývá a jak osvětluje temné dědictví jednoho z nejznámějších vyhlazovacích táborů v historii?",
                key:"autoTeaserShort": string:"Hluboké zkoumání tábora Auschwitz-Birkenau odhaluje hrůzné skutečnosti, kterým čelili jeho oběti. Prostřednictvím umění a historických výpovědí článek odhaluje dvojí povahu tábora jako místa práce a vyhlazení, přičemž zdůrazňuje příběhy těch, kteří trpěli a odolávali. Klikněte pro více informací.",
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            {
                key:"title": string:"Auschwitz-Birkenau. Moarte la o mișcare de deget",
                key:"uid": string:"cca6c913-1b5c-46c7-a53c-2f1b4050a88a",
                key:"autoTeaserLong": string:"**Puncte Critice:**\n\n1. \"Sketchbook-ul din Auschwitz,\" creat de un artist necunoscut, servește ca un document istoric crucial, reprezentând cu acuratețe experiențele cutremurătoare ale deportaților evrei care ajungeau la Auschwitz, inclusiv procesul înfricoșător de selecție care determina viața sau moartea.\n   \n2. Vechea rampă evreiască, sau Judenrampe, a fost un loc semnificativ unde mari transporturi de evrei erau aduși pentru exterminare, cu un procent șocant de 75-80% dintre deportați trimiși direct la camerele de gazare, evidențiind funcția duală a Auschwitz-ului ca atât un lagăr de muncă, cât și un lagăr de exterminare.\n\n3. Articolul explorează dinamica complexă a supraviețuirii în cadrul lagărului, detaliind modul în care factori precum vârsta, sexul și etnia au influențat soarta prizonierilor, în timp ce aduce în lumină și mișcările de rezistență care au apărut printre deținuți.\n\n**Teaser:**\n\nPe măsură ce lumea se pregătește să comemoreze a 80-a aniversare a eliberării Auschwitz-ului, un sketchbook bântuit iese la iveală, dezvăluind realitățile dure cu care se confruntau deportații evrei. Această lucrare de artă inestimabilă surprinde momentele înfricoșătoare de la Judenrampe, unde selecțiile care schimbau vieți aveau loc sub privirile atente ale gardienilor SS. Aprofundați istoria cutremurătoare a Auschwitz-ului, unde supraviețuirea depindea de șansă, și descoperiți poveștile nespuse de rezistență și reziliență în mijlocul ororii inimaginabile. Ce secrete ascunde acest sketchbook și cum iluminează el moștenirea întunecată a unuia dintre cele mai notorii lagăre de exterminare din istorie?",
                key:"autoTeaserShort": string:"O explorare poignantă a lagărului Auschwitz-Birkenau dezvăluie realitățile cutremurătoare cu care s-au confruntat victimele sale. Prin artă și relatări istorice, articolul descoperă natura duală a lagărului ca atât loc de muncă, cât și de exterminare, evidențiind poveștile celor care au suferit și au rezistat. Faceți clic pentru a afla mai multe.",
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            {
                key:"title": string:"Аушвиц-Биркенау. Смърт с едно движение на пръста",
                key:"uid": string:"d054ec51-7a88-4040-b05b-af863104e255",
                key:"autoTeaserLong": string:"**Критични точки:**\n\n1. \"Скицникът от Аушвиц\", създаден от неизвестен художник, служи като важен исторически документ, точно изобразяващ ужасяващите преживявания на еврейските депортирани, пристигащи в Аушвиц, включително ужасяващия процес на селекция, който определя живота или смъртта.\n   \n2. Старият еврейски рамп, или Judenrampe, беше значимо място, където големи транспорти на евреи бяха доведени за унищожение, с потресаващи 75-80% от депортираните, изпратени директно в газовите камери, подчертавайки двойната функция на Аушвиц като трудов и унищожителен лагер.\n\n3. Статията изследва сложната динамика на оцеляването в лагера, описвайки как фактори като възраст, пол и етническа принадлежност влияят на съдбата на затворниците, като същевременно осветява и движението на съпротива, което се появява сред inmates.\n\n**Тийзър:**\n\nДокато светът се подготвя да отбележи 80-ата годишнина от освобождението на Аушвиц, един призрачен скицник се появява, разкривайки суровата реалност, пред която са изправени еврейските депортирани. Това безценно произведение на изкуството улавя ужасяващите моменти на Judenrampe, където се провеждаха променящи живота селекции под наблюдението на охранителите от СС. Потопете се в ужасяващата история на Аушвиц, където оцеляването зависеше от шанса, и открийте неразказаните истории на съпротива и устойчивост сред непоносима ужас. Какви тайни крие този скицник и как осветява тъмното наследство на един от най-известните унищожителни лагери в историята?",
                key:"autoTeaserShort": string:"Дълбоко проучване на лагера Аушвиц-Биркенау разкрива ужасяващите реалности, пред които са изправени неговите жертви. Чрез изкуство и исторически разкази, статията разкрива двойствената природа на лагера като място за работа и унищожение, подчертавайки историите на тези, които са страдали и се съпротивлявали. Кликнете, за да научите повече.",
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                key:"title": string:"Auschwitz-Birkenau. Morte con un gesto di un dito",
                key:"uid": string:"d1a7ecde-1771-4974-bebc-5548c664e445",
                key:"autoTeaserLong": string:"**Punti Critici:**\n\n1. Il \"Taccuino di Auschwitz,\" creato da un artista sconosciuto, serve come un documento storico cruciale, rappresentando accuratamente le esperienze strazianti dei deportati ebrei che arrivavano ad Auschwitz, incluso il processo di selezione agghiacciante che determinava vita o morte.\n   \n2. La vecchia rampa ebraica, o Judenrampe, era un sito significativo dove grandi trasporti di ebrei venivano portati per l'esterminio, con un sorprendente 75-80% dei deportati inviati direttamente alle camere a gas, evidenziando la doppia funzione di Auschwitz sia come campo di lavoro che di sterminio.\n\n3. L'articolo esplora le complesse dinamiche di sopravvivenza all'interno del campo, dettagliando come fattori come età, genere ed etnia influenzassero il destino dei prigionieri, mentre illumina anche i movimenti di resistenza che emersero tra i detenuti.\n\n**Teaser:**\n\nMentre il mondo si prepara a commemorare l'80° anniversario della liberazione di Auschwitz, emerge un taccuino inquietante, rivelando le dure realtà affrontate dai deportati ebrei. Quest'opera d'arte inestimabile cattura i momenti agghiaccianti alla Judenrampe, dove selezioni che cambiavano la vita avvenivano sotto gli occhi attenti delle guardie SS. Immergiti nella storia straziante di Auschwitz, dove la sopravvivenza dipendeva dal caso, e scopri le storie inedite di resistenza e resilienza in mezzo a un orrore inimmaginabile. Quali segreti nasconde questo taccuino, e come illumina l'oscuro lascito di uno dei campi di sterminio più noti della storia?",
                key:"autoTeaserShort": string:"Un'esplorazione toccante del campo di Auschwitz-Birkenau rivela le realtà strazianti affrontate dalle sue vittime. Attraverso l'arte e i racconti storici, l'articolo svela la doppia natura del campo sia come sito di lavoro che di sterminio, evidenziando le storie di coloro che hanno sofferto e resistito. Clicca per saperne di più.",
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